Pheniramine maleate Action Best Uses, Side effects and Brands

June 4, 2024
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Introduction

Pheniramine maleate is a first-generation antihistamine. It is widely used to treat various allergic conditions, including hay fever, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and allergic reactions to insect bites or stings. Additionally, it is sometimes used with other medications to relieve symptoms such as itching and hives associated with allergic reactions.

Mechanism of Action

Pheniramine maleate works by blocking the effects of histamine, a substance produced by the body during an allergic reaction. Histamine is responsible for causing symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. By blocking the action of histamine, pheniramine maleate helps alleviate these symptoms, providing relief to individuals suffering from allergies.

Uses of Pheniramine Maleate

Pheniramine maleate is commonly prescribed by doctors for the following health conditions:

Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, is characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, and runny nose. Pheniramine maleate helps alleviate these symptoms and provides relief to individuals with allergic rhinitis.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye) due to an allergic reaction. Pheniramine maleate eye drops relieve symptoms such as itching, redness, and watering of the eyes associated with allergic conjunctivitis.

Allergic Reactions

Pheniramine also effectively manages allergic reactions caused by insect bites or stings, certain medications, or other allergens. It helps reduce symptoms such as itching, swelling, and hives.

Pheniramine Maleate uses in Urdu

یہ دوا عام طور پر درج ذیل صحت کی حالتوں کے لیے ڈاکٹروں کے ذریعہ تجویز کی جاتی ہے۔

تپ کاہی

الرجک ناک کی سوزش، جسے عام طور پر گھاس بخار کے نام سے جانا جاتا ہے، چھینک آنا، خارش، ناک بند ہونا، اور ناک بہنا جیسی علامات سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے۔ یہ ان علامات کو کم کرنے میں مدد کرتا ہے اور الرجک ناک کی سوزش والے افراد کو راحت فراہم کرتا ہے۔

الرجک آشوب چشم

الرجک آشوب چشم ایک الرجک رد عمل کی وجہ سے آشوب چشم (پلکوں کی پرت اور آنکھ کے سفید حصے کو ڈھانپنے والی جھلی) کی سوزش ہے۔ فینیرامائن میلیٹ آنکھوں کے قطرے الرجک آشوب چشم سے وابستہ آنکھوں میں خارش، لالی اور پانی آنے جیسی علامات کو دور کرتے ہیں۔

الرجک رد عمل

فینیرامائن کیڑوں کے کاٹنے یا ڈنک، بعض ادویات، یا دیگر الرجین کی وجہ سے ہونے والے الرجک رد عمل کا بھی مؤثر طریقے سے انتظام کرتا ہے۔ یہ خارش، سوجن اور چھتے جیسی علامات کو کم کرنے میں مدد کرتا ہے۔

History

Pheniramine Maleate is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties. It was patented in 1948 and is used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria

Side Effects

Pheniramine Maleate, while generally considered safe for use, may lead to the following side effects:

Blurred Vision: Some individuals may experience a temporary blurring of vision while taking Pheniramine.
Xerostomia (Dry Mouth): This medication causes dryness in the mouth, leading to discomfort.
Drowsiness: Pheniramine Maleate sometimes induces drowsiness or sleepiness in some individuals.
Vomiting: In some cases, individuals may experience vomiting as a side effect of taking this medication.
Constipation: This drug may lead to constipation in some users.
Dizziness: This medication can cause dizziness, particularly when standing up quickly.
Eye Irritation: Some individuals may experience eye irritation while taking it.
Irregular Heartbeat: In rare cases, Pheniramine causes irregular heartbeat or palpitations.
Nervousness: Pheniramine Maleate leads to feelings of nervousness or restlessness in some patients.

Risk and Warnings

Before using Pheniramine Maleate, it’s crucial to inform your doctor or pharmacist about your medical history, especially if you have:

Breathing Problems: This includes conditions such as asthma and emphysema.
Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes should disclose this condition to their healthcare provider before using Pheniramine Maleate.
Glaucoma: It’s important to inform your healthcare provider if you have glaucoma, a condition affecting the eyes.
Heart Problems: Any history of heart problems should be communicated to the doctor or pharmacist.
High Blood Pressure: Individuals with high blood pressure should disclose this condition before using this medication.
Kidney Problems: If you have any kidney-related issues, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider.
Liver Disease: Individuals with liver disease should disclose this condition before using Pheniramine Maleate.
Seizures: Any history of seizures should be communicated to the doctor or pharmacist.
Stomach/Intestinal Problems: This includes conditions such as ulcers and blockages in the digestive system.
Overactive Thyroid: Individuals with an overactive thyroid should inform their healthcare provider before using this medication.

Potential Drug Interactions

When taking this medication, it is crucial to avoid concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) as it may lead to a serious and potentially fatal drug interaction. MAO inhibitors include:

Isocarboxazid
Linezolid
Metaxalone
Methylene blue
Moclobemide
Phenelzine
Procarbazine
Rasagiline
Safinamide
Selegiline
Tranylcypromine

Pheniramine Maleate in Pregnancy

The use of Pheniramine Maleate during pregnancy should be carefully considered and discussed with a healthcare provider. While Pheniramine Maleate is an antihistamine approved to treat allergy symptoms, its use during pregnancy is not without potential risks

A monitoring study including 831 mother-child pairs that had first-trimester exposure to Pheniramine showed a possible relationship to respiratory malformations and eye/ear defects, but further confirmation is needed.

The use of H-1-antihistamines, including Pheniramine, during pregnancy has been controversial due to the possible teratogenic effects of these drugs. None of the antihistamines available today have been categorized as safe during pregnancy. Control studies are available for certain first-generation drugs regarding their safety in pregnancy, but the newer agents require further studies to be declared safer in pregnancy

Breastfeeding and Pheniramine Maleate

Pheniramine has not been studied for use during breastfeeding. It has the potential to cause sleepiness in adults, and it is possible that in higher doses, it may have a similar effect on a nursing baby. If a nursing mother suspects that her baby is experiencing increased sleepiness, difficulty feeding, breathing issues, or limpness, it is important to contact the child’s healthcare provider.

Due to these potential effects, Pheniramine may not be the preferred antihistamine for long-term use during breastfeeding. If regular antihistamine use is necessary while breastfeeding, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable option.

It’s important to note that infants born preterm or younger than one month of age have less mature stomachs and intestines, which may allow more medication to enter their bloodstream. While it is not proven, antihistamines in general may reduce the amount of breast milk produced. Therefore, discussing any breastfeeding-related concerns with a healthcare provider is essential.

Brands in Pakistan

Pheniramine maleate is available in Pakistan under the following brand names:

Avil is manufactured by Sanofi Aventis (Pakistan) Ltd.
Bentavil is produced by Trigon Pharmaceuticals Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd.
Cored is manufactured by Zinta Pharmaceuticals Industries.
Etivil is produced by Elite Pharma.
Fenarim is manufactured by Akson Pharmaceuticals (Pvt) Ltd.
Javil is produced by Irza Pharma (Pvt) Ltd.
Pharclomin is manufactured by Epharm Laboratories.
Phenvil is produced by Lawrence Pharma.
Babynol is manufactured by Woodward’s Pharma.
Coferb is manufactured by Hinucon Pharma.

Conclusion

Pheniramine maleate is a commonly used antihistamine medication for treating allergic conditions such as hay fever, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and allergic reactions. While it is generally safe and effective when used as directed, it may cause side effects such as drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, and urinary retention in some individuals. It is important to use pheniramine maleate under the guidance of a healthcare provider and to follow their instructions carefully to minimize the risk of adverse effects. If you experience any concerning side effects while taking pheniramine maleate, contact your healthcare provider promptly.